A Population-Size Model for Protein Spot Detection in Proteomic Studies

In proteomic studies, a population of proteins are often examined on a gel using a technique called two-dimensional gel eletrophoresis. The technique separates the protein population into individual protein spots on a two-dimensional gel by isoelectric charge and molecular weight. The resulting gel images are then processed by a software system for spot detection and subsequent analysis. The performance of a spot-detection program is evaluated by the total number of spots that are detected. A popular spot-detection program uses the ``master-slave{''} approach, where all spots on ``slave images{''} are subsets of the spots on the ``master image.{''} We argue that this approach potentially misses a large proportion of proteins and propose a model that quantifies the lack of performance. We provide nonparametric estimators for the protein population size and the expected number of proteins to be detected if a ``fusion-gel{''} approach was used. Using the data from a rat liver proteome study, we estimate that more than half of the protein population is missed by the master-slave approach.