A Robust Low-Delay CELP Speech Coder at 16 kb/s

In this work, we have developed a high-quality 16 kb/s speech coder that has a one-way coding delay less than 2 ms and is quite robust to channel errors. This coder has been submitted by AT&T to the CCITT as a candidate algorithm for the new 16 kb/s speech coding standard which is to be finalized in 1991. The coder is a backward-adaptive CELP coder with the predictor and the excitation gain updated by analyzing previously quantized signals.