Abstracts of Technical Articles from Bell System Sources (01 October 1935)

Indus. & Engg. Chem., Analytical Edition, July 15, 1935. Radio Engg., August, 1935. Elec. Engg., August, 1935. 724 ABSTRACTS OF TECHNICAL ARTICLES 725 Magnetic Hysteresis at Low Flux Densities.4 W . B. ELLWOOD. The energy loss per cycle in a ferromagnetic material subjected to small alternating fields is sometimes separated into three parts: the first due to eddy current loss, the second to hysteresis presumed to follow Rayleigh's laws at these flux densities; the origin of the remainder is unknown and is the subject of much controversy; it has been variously termed "magnetic viscosity," "after effect," and "square law hysteresis." 

In studying energy loss in a ring of compressed iron dust, hysteresis loops have been measured ballistically by a new method with a relative error in B m as low as 0.01 per cent. The range in maximum flux density is from 2 to 100 gauss. The loops are lenticular and very slender, B m being about 1500 times the remanence for the smallest loop. The smaller loops are at flux densities considerably below those investigated by Rayleigh. His findings as to variation of area, of remanence, and of permeability with loop amplitude are confirmed and extended through the new range of flux densities, though the shape of the loops is not as simple as that he proposed. The energy loss per cycle is proportional to Bm3 while the remanence is proportional to B m i. The ballistic measurements have been compared with a-c. bridge measurements on the same specimen.