Charging While Moving: Deploying Wireless Chargers for Powering Wearable Devices

With the promising technology of far-field wireless power transfer, wearable devices are able to harvest radio frequency (RF) energy from RF-based chargers and thus operate continuously. Rational planning of the quantity and positions of the chargers provides an effective way to improve the recharging efficiency and save the charger deployment budget. Existing work on RF-based charger placement mainly consider the situation where the devices are static, or adopt very simple mobility model. In this paper, we consider wireless charging service provision for wearable devices worn by users in a 2-D area, with users having a specific stay-move behavior pattern characterized by the trajectories, the stay points and the stay time distribution. Based on this mobility pattern, we formulate the problem as how to find a charger placement to minimize the charging service budget, subject to the power non-outage probability requirement of the wearable devices. We further transform this problem to several equivalent problems for easier tractability and prove that its equivalent problem is NP-complete. Both greedy heuristic and particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based solutions are proposed to solve the problem with certain approximation ratio. Finally, performances of proposed solutions are compared with exhaustive search and point provisioning algorithm through extensive simulations. Simulation results show that both greedy heuristic and PSO-based solutions outperform the baseline algorithms, while PSO-based solution requires least number of chargers and thus is the most cost-effective.