Classical and Quantum communication without a shared reference frame

We show that communication without a shared reference frame is possible by employing entangled states. We prove that the amount of classical information that can be communicated without a shared reference frame asymptotically approaches one classical bit per quantum bit (qubit) sent, and that the number of encoded qubits which can be communicated per transmitted qubit also asymptotically approaches unity. We present an optical scheme of this form, realizable with current technology, to communicate classical bits using entangled photon pairs and linear optical Bell state measurements.