This paper presents a compact test structure for the characterisation and modelling of leakage currents in sub-micron CMOS technologies, with which all leakage components can be directly extracted
YIG oscillators are very attractive because of their low noise and wide tuning bandwidth, but they are susceptible to microphonics and to electromagnetic fields.
An earlier paper 1 has described the framework of an experimental pulse code modulation (PCM) system for short-haul telephone trunks.
Encoding an analog signal to digital form entails quantization of amplitude. This process introduces a noise into the analog signal that is recovered from the digits.
The labor shift scheduling problem has traditionally been formulated using the set covering approach proposed by Dantzig, G.B. {[}1954. Operations Research 2 (3), 339-341].
A global reference model covering next generation active and passive networks has been developed for techno-economic evaluations, and an extensive techno-economic analysis has been performed for 10
The frame-relay service is currently under consideration by CCITT as "step 3" of ISDN packet-mode bearer services.
One of the most stringent specification in modern microwave equipment is the control of spurious levels.
In this study a lower cost replacement for gold as an electrical contact material has been investigated.
Solar energetic particles (SEPs) provide an opportunity to study in detail the processes of particle acceleration and transport that are ubiquitous in astrophysical plasmas. Tylka et al.
